In resource-limited settings like Malawi, there is a growing burden of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and HIV co-infections. Innovative and replicable research approaches are urgently needed to better understand disease patterns and their social determinants. Spatial epidemiology plays an important role in increasing our understanding of the geographical distribution of diseases as well as in the planning of resources to tackle these diseases. By properly understanding geographical variations in the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS, HIV-co-infections and HIV-related diseases, policymakers and researchers can efficiently prioritize the allocation of resources to areas with poor treatment outcomes or disproportionally increased risk of the disease.